Surgical Tech Practice Exam

What is the purpose of a closed chest drainage system?

1. Fluid removal

2. Restore negative pressure for ventilation

3. Prevent infection

4. Provide oxygen

The correct answer is: Restore negative pressure for ventilation

The purpose of a closed chest drainage system is primarily to facilitate the removal of fluid, air, or pus that has accumulated in the pleural space or chest cavity. This allows for the re-expansion of the lungs, which is essential for proper respiratory function. While restoring negative pressure for ventilation can relate to the role of a chest drain by allowing the lung to re-inflate after the removal of fluid or air, fluid removal is the most direct and fundamental function of this system. A closed chest drainage system helps to continuously and effectively remove unwanted substances in a controlled manner, which assists in re-establishing normal breathing dynamics. In this context, the system also contributes to the prevention of infection by providing a sterile pathway for drainage, yet this preventive aspect is secondary to the main goal of fluid and air removal. Providing oxygen is not a function of the closed chest drainage system, as its role is more about mechanical management of the pleural space rather than direct oxygen delivery. Therefore, focusing on fluid removal highlights the primary rationale for using this vital device in surgical and medical settings.