Surgical Tech Practice Exam

Which medical emergency may arise from swelling as a result of a broken bone?

1. Shock

2. Compartment syndrome

3. Hemorrhage

4. Pneumothorax

The correct answer is: Compartment syndrome

The medical emergency that may arise from swelling due to a broken bone is compartment syndrome. This condition occurs when there is increased pressure within a closed anatomical space, typically a muscle compartment, which can impede blood flow and lead to tissue damage. In the context of a broken bone, swelling occurs as a natural response to injury, but if it becomes excessive, it can cause the tissues within the compartment to experience increased pressure. The critical aspect of compartment syndrome is that it can starve muscles and nerves of oxygen and nutrients, ultimately resulting in potentially irreversible damage if not addressed promptly. Early symptoms often include severe pain that is disproportionate to the injury, diminished pulse, pallor of the limb, and loss of sensation. Recognizing these symptoms quickly is essential for timely intervention, usually requiring surgical intervention to relieve the pressure. Other options, such as shock, hemorrhage, and pneumothorax, are different types of emergencies that can occur in various contexts, but are not directly linked to the swelling caused by a broken bone, making compartment syndrome the accurate choice in this scenario.